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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Unfortunately, there is no one test that determines the presence or absence of Alzheimer's disease. Through the process of elimination, physicians can make what is called a "diagnosis of exclusion." This gives the individual and his or her family a direction for treatment and care. A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease obtained through a complete medical examination is considered approximately 90 percent accurate. The only way to be absolutely certain the person has Alzheimer's disease is through an autopsy performed after death.

Individuals suspected of having Alzheimer's symptoms should discuss the signs with their family physician. The physician will order the appropriate tests, or refer the individual to another physician, or to an Alzheimer's diagnostic center. A thorough diagnostic workup is important to rule out other diseases and conditions that can also cause dementia. The diagnostic process generally takes more than one day and is usually performed on an outpatient basis.

Tests help the doctor to clarify the causes of the symptoms and identify individuals who may respond to treatment. Individuals with poor nutrition, negative reactions to drugs, metabolic changes, depression, head injuries or other diagnosis may behave in ways that mimic Alzheimer's disease. The longer these conditions go unrecognized, the more difficult it is to treat them. If the diagnosis is Alzheimer's disease, there are medical, legal and financial planning that should be initiated immediately.

The diagnostic process involves the following components:

• Medical History
• Psychiatric Evaluation
• Physical Examination
• Neurological Exam
• Laboratory Tests

Before scheduling the tests ask the physician the following questions:

• Which tests will be performed and what is involved?
• How long will the tests take?
• How long will it take to learn results?
• What will the tests cost?

Alzheimer's Disease Research

Private and public Alzheimer's disease research and prevention teams around the world are seeking ways to prevent, treat and cure Alzheimer's disease. Scientists and many health care professionals are also developing better ways to help individuals and their caregivers cope with the decline in mental and physical abilities.

The National Institute on Aging currently funds 29 Alzheimer's Disease Centers at major medical institutions across the nation. Researchers at these centers are working to translate research advances into improved care and diagnosis for persons with Alzheimer's disease. Their long-term goal is to cure and prevent Alzheimer's disease. For center information contact the Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center (ADEAR) at (800) 438-4380.

Telling Others

When you learn you or a loved one has a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, you may hesitate to tell others. Some people in your life will accept the news and offer their help. Others may react by keeping their distance, usually because they don't understand the disease.

Explain that Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging but a disease of the brain. It is not contagious. Inform them it is a medical condition and not a psychological or emotional disorder. Share educational information on Alzheimer's disease. The more you, your family and friends learn about the disease, the more everyone will be able to support one another.

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